Nutrition
PLEASE READ ALL WARNINGS AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE ON PACKAGING BEFORE CONSUMPTION.
Only for use by those 18 years and over.
SUPPLEMENT INFORMATION PER 2 CAPS: % NRV
Caffeine 200mg
Ketones 150mg
White Kidney Bean 100mg
African Mango 100mg
CLA powder 100mg
Cape Aloes 100mg
Magnesium Bisglycinate 10% Mg 100mg
Green Coffee 50mg
Garcinia Cambogia Powder 50mg
Acai 50mg
L-Carnitine 50mg
Vit B2 (Riboflavin) 0.7mg 50%
Vit B3 (Nicotinamide) 8mg 50%
V it B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.7mg 50%
Biotin 25mcg 50%
Chromium Picolinate 12% – 166.67mcg 50%
NRV – NUTRIENT REFERENCE VALUES
KILLA KETONES™ SPEC
Ketones: 150mg
Ketones are phenols or carbolic acids, which are small ringed molecules that give certain fruit their unique smell. These phenols are often volatile, which means they disperse into the air and give off an aroma.
Back in 2005, Japanese scientists did an experiment in which they gave mice a high fat diet that has been shown to cause them to become obese. Then they added various dosages of ketones to the mice’s diets. The result was that with the highest dosage (2% of their diet as ketones), they no longer continued to get fatter so that they had lower body fat, less fat in their midsections and lower levels of fat in their livers.
These results led the scientists to conclude that use of Ketones “prevents and improves obesity and fatty liver”.
Recently, scientists writing in the journal Planta Medica did an in vitro study to confirm that Ketones cause fat breakdown, fat burning and that they influence levels of a key hormone involved in the regulation of fat breakdown in an actual working fat cell.
Not only did the levels of this hormone – adiponectin – increase but the delivery of fats into the cell decreased and burning of fats increased. So it looks like so far, Ketones are showing all of the signs of being an effective ingredient to minimize the levels of fat in fat cells. Of course Grenade Killa Ketones™ contains these same Ketones as part of its research-supported formula, along with other university studied fat loss support ingredients.
References:
Morimoto C, Satoh Y, Hara M, Inoue S, Tsujita T, Okuda H.Anti-obese action of ketone. Life Sci. 2005 May 27;77(2):194-204. Epub 2005
Park KS. ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta Med. 2010 Oct;76(15):1654-8. Epub 2010 Apr 27.
White Kidney Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris): 100mg
White kidney Bean effectively acts as a starch-blocker, in that it contains what is called an “alpha amylase inhibitor”, which prevents the enzyme amylase from breaking down starches into their component sugars, thus making them unabsorbable. So in other words, starches just pass through the area of the gut where they would usually be absorbed and therefore don’t spike insulin levels and can’t be stored as calories (glycogen or fat).
Studies have demonstrated that White kidney Bean is (as the authors of one study concluded) “safe and effective for weight loss and maintenance”.
References:
Udani J, Singh BB. Blocking carbohydrate absorption and weight loss: a clinical trial using a proprietary fractionated white bean extract. Altern Ther Health Med. 2007 Jul-Aug;13(4):32-7.
Celleno L, Tolaini MV, D’Amore A, Perricone NV, Preuss HG. A Dietary supplement containing standardized Phaseolus vul-garis extract influences body composition of overweight men and women. Int J Med Sci. 2007 Jan 24;4(1):45-52.
Grube B, Chong WF, Chong PW, Riede L. Weight reduction and maintenance with IQP-PV-101: A 12-week randomized controlled study with a 24-week open label period. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Sep 5
Onakpoya I, Aldaas S, Terry R, Ernst E. The efficacy of Phaseolus vulgaris as a weight-loss supple-ment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Br J Nutr. 2011 Jul;106(2):196-202.
African Mango (Irvingia Gabonensis): 100mg
African Mango, cultivated from the wild African Mango tree is a source of both nuts and fruit for populations in Central Africa. In traditional medicine, various parts of the plant have been used to treat gastrointestinal ailments and open wounds. However, studies began to suggest that it could be useful for body weight reduction back in 2005 and a review of that study and several studies since then have confirmed that African Mango has a significant impact on reducing body weight and waist circumference in humans.
References:
Onakpoya I, Davies L, Posadzki P, Ernst E. The efficacy of Irvingia gabonensis supplementation in the management of overweight and obesity: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Diet Suppl. 2013 Mar;10(1):29-38
Ross SM. African mango (IGOB131): a proprietary seed extract of Irvingia gabonensis is found to be effective in reducing body weight and improving metabolic parameters in overweight humans. Holist Nurs Pract. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(4):215-7
Green Coffee: 50mg
Green Coffee is currently one of the most talked about natural weight loss ingredients and recent research has confirmed why this is. When researchers compiled all of the data from the best studies that evaluated the effectiveness of Green Coffee, they found that it caused a significant impact on weight loss. A more recent study demonstrated just how dramatic the effects of Green Coffee on weight loss could be. When researchers from the Chemistry Department at the University of Scranton, Pennsylvania gave subjects various dosages of Green Coffee, they experienced weight loss of over eight kilograms and over four per cent body fat!
References:
Onakpoya I, Terry R, Ernst E. The use of green coffee extract as a weight loss supplement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011. pii: 382852. Epub 2010 Aug 31
Vinson JA, Burnham BR, Nagendran MV. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, linear dose, crossover study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a green coffee bean extract in overweight subjects. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2012;5:21-7
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine): 200mg
Caffeine has many well-known effects on the body’s metabolism. These include improved alertness, increased endurance and a reduction in the effort required when exercising[1].
Other effects of Caffeine include:
It increases the amount of fat that gets released from cells[2,3,4,5,6]. Study after study clearly demonstrates that when people take Caffeine, the body releases substantially more fat from the cells.
Both during exercise and at rest, Caffeine causes the body to burn a higher percentage of fat[4,5,6,7]. More fat being burnt means less body fat.
It improves weight loss. A study published in the journal Obesity Research stated that, “High Caffeine intake was associated with weight loss through thermogenesis and fat oxidation”[5].
It improves exercise performance[8]. It has been known for almost 100 years that Caffeine can increase the body’s ability to do work and dozens of studies support this fact. Obviously, being able to exercise harder for longer would assist in fat loss.
Finally, Caffeine improves the fat loss effects of other ingredients, especially ingredients that (like Caffeine itself) boost adrenalin and noradrenalin levels in the body[9]
References:
Graham TE. Caffeine and exercise: metabolism, endurance and performance. Sports Med. 2001;31(11):785-807.
Acheson KJ, Zahorska-Markiewicz B, Pittet P, Anantharaman K, Jéquier E. Caffeine and coffee: their influence on metabolic rate and substrate utilization in normal weight and obese individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 May;33(5):989-97.
Gerben B. Keijzers, MD, Bastiaan E. De Galan, MD, Cees J. Tack, MD and Paul Smits, MD. Caffeine Can Decrease Insulin Sensitivity in Humans. Diabetes Care February 2002 vol. 25 no. 2 364-369
Donelly K, McNaughton L. The effects of two levels of caffeine ingestion on excess postexercise oxygen consumption in untrained women. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1992;65(5):459-63.
Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caf-feine intake and green tea supplementation. Obes Res. 2005 Jul;13(7):1195-204.
Ryu S, Choi SK, Joung SS, Suh H, Cha YS, Lee S, Lim K. Caffeine as a lipolytic food component increases endurance perfor-mance in rats and athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001 Apr;47(2):139-46.
Bangsbo J, Jacobsen K, Nordberg N, Christensen NJ, Graham T. Acute and habitual caffeine ingestion and metabolic re-sponses to steady-state exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1992 Apr;72(4):1297-303.
Astorino TA, Roberson DW. Efficacy of acute caffeine ingestion for short-term high-intensity exercise performance: a sys-tematic review. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Jan;24(1):257-65.
Dulloo AG, Miller DS. Ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin: “over-the-counter” drugs that interact to stimulate thermogenesis in the obese. Nutrition. 1989 Jan-Feb;5(1):7-9.
Garcinia Cambogia: 50mg
Garcinia cambogia is best known amongst weight loss scientists as a natural source of hydroxycitric acid (HCA). Various extracts of HCA have been shown in clinical studies to decrease body mass significantly and a review study in the “Journal of Medicine”, which reviewed the safety and effectiveness of HCA demonstrated that it caused a loss of over five percent of both body weight and body mass index (BMI). That’s the equivalent of a person who weighs 70 kilos, losing half a stone!!
A recent study looked at all of the research on Garcinia Cambogia / HCA to date and it noted that it plays an important role in the production of fats in the body and that “the administration of G. cambogia extracts is associated with body weight and fat loss in both experimental animals and humans”. Further, both of these review studies noted that Garcinia is safe.
Another study showed increased fat oxidation, whilst carb oxidation decreased and further noted that “Results suggest” increased levels of moderate-intensity exercise performance and increased glycogen sparing.
References:
Márquez F, Babio N, Bulló M, Salas-Salvadó J. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hydroxycitric acid or Garcinia cambogia extracts in humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(7):585-94
Preuss HG, Rao CV, Garis R, Bramble JD, Ohia SE, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural(-)-hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management. J Med. 2004;35(1-6):33-48.
Anton SD, Shuster J, Leeuwenburgh C. Investigations of botanicals on food intake, satiety, weight loss and oxidative stress: study protocol of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2011 Nov;9(11):1190-8.
Kiwon, L., et al Short-term (-)-hydroxycitrate ingestion increases fat oxidation during exercise in athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 48:128-33, 2002.
Acai: 50mg
Besides its well-known antioxidant potential, recent research has found that the consumption of Acai can help improve the function of insulin. Improved insulin function means that less insulin needs to be secreted so as to metabolise a given amount of carbohydrates. Decreased insulin secretion means less interruption of in the burning of fat for fuel. If effect, Acai allows the individual to “handle” dietary carbs better.
References:
Udani JK, Singh BB, Singh VJ, Barrett ML. Effects of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry preparation on metabolic parameters in a healthy overweight population: a pi-lot study. Nutr J. 2011 May 12;10:45. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-45.
L-Carnitine: 50mg
L-Carnitine is one of the best-known fat loss support agents used in food supplements. It is required for the transport of fats into the fat-burning centres of muscle cells, called the mitochondria. So without adequate L-Carnitine, maximum fat-burning activity cannot be sustained.
Carnitine also appears to enhance exercise performance. A 2004 study in the scientific journal Nutrition concluded that , “there is evidence for a beneficial effect of L-Carnitine supplementation in training, competition, and recovery from strenuous exercise and in regenerative athletics.”
References:
Reuter SE, Evans AM. Carnitine and acylcarnitines: pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012 Sep 1;51(9):553-72.
Karlic H, Lohninger A. Supplementation of L-carnitine in athletes: does it make sense? Nutrition. 2004 Jul-Aug;20(7-8):709-15.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): 100mg
CLA, which is a naturally-occurring fatty acid found in meats and dairy products, has been shown in multiple studies to decrease body fat mass while (in many cases) simultaneously increasing lean muscle tissue. In a recent human study of overweight subjects, multiple measures of fat loss and weight loss showed significant decreases. Other previous studies have also shown losses of significant amounts of body fat and losses of inches around the waist.
References:
Chen SC, Lin YH, Huang HP, Hsu WL, Houng JY, Huang CK. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on weight loss and body fat composition in a Chinese population. Nutrition. 2012 Jan 18. [Epub ahead of print]
Riserus, U., Berglund, L, Vessby, B. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese mid-dle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity. 25: 1129-1135, 2001.
Smedman, A., Vessby, B. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans—metabolic effects. Lipids. 36:773781, Aug. 2001.
Cape Aloes: 100mg
This unique species of aloe plant is found in Southern Africa and as with typical aloe varieties, it may be applied to the skin or consumed by mouth. Cape Aloes contains a huge variety of phytochemicals with a huge array of promising effects. Most notably, it has confirmed antioxidant activity and may have excellent potential to have positive effects on insulin function.
Reference:
Loots du T, van der Westhuizen FH, Botes L. Aloe ferox leaf gel phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity, and possible health benefits. J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Aug 22;55(17):6891-6. Epub 2007 Jul 28.
Biotin: 25mcg
Biotin is an essential B vitamin which is required by the body to metabolise fats. Very recent research on Biotin suggests that low-carbohydrate diets may increase one’s requirement for it. This is due to the increased production of carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis) by the body when carb intake is low.
Reference:
Yuasa M, Matsui T, Ando S, Ishii Y, Sawamura H, Ebara S, Watanabe T. Consumption of a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet (the ketogenic diet) exaggerates biotin deficiency in mice. Nutrition. 2013 Oct;29(10):1266-70. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.04.011.
Magnesium Bisglycinate: 100mg
Magnesium is an essential dietary mineral which participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions in the body. This includes the metabolism of the body’s most important energy molecule – ATP. Magnesium intake is often inadequate in Western countries. For instance, US Government Agencies have noted that only 32 per cent of people met the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for magnesium intake.
Reference:
United States Department of Agriculture. “Lack Energy? Maybe It’s Your Magnesium Level” Agricultural Research magazine, May 2004
Vit B2 (Riboflavin): 0.7mg
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential B vitamin, which is required for the metabolism of all foods – proteins, carbohydrates and fats. The European Food Safety Authority has stipulated that Riboflavin contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism in the body.
Vit B6 (Pyridoxine): 0.7mg
Vitamin B6 is an essential B vitamin involved in numerous activities in the body, including the metabolic production of energy, avoidance of tiredness and fatigue and regulation of homocysteine levels. So beyond its essential participation in producing energy and helping to maintain alertness, it assists in helping the body avoid excessive homocysteine levels, which are associated with increased risk of heart and vascular disease. Moreover, studies have shown that taking a supplement with vitamin B6 helps avoid excess homocysteine whilst dieting.
Reference:
Henning BF, Tepel M, Riezler R, Gillessen A, Doberauer C. Vitamin supplementation during weight reduction–favourable effect on homocysteine metabolism. Res Exp Med (Berl). 1998 Jul;198(1):37-42.
Vit B3 (Nicotinamide): 8mg
Niacin is an essential B vitamin involved in several metabolic activities in the body. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). EFSA have also noted that its benefits include the ability to reduce tiredness and fatigue. Adequate Niacin is required for normal energy production by the body.
Chromium Picolinate: 166.67mcg
Chromium is an essential trace element in the diet and is needed by the body for the maintenance of blood glucose levels. So adequate Chromium intake may support good insulin function and can be said to make insulin more “efficient”. Efficient insulin may be good for those who wish to build lean muscle or support fat loss as this hormone is essential for helping to store amino acids, carbohydrates and creatine in muscle cells. Also, more efficient insulin will be required in smaller amounts, which is in accordance with many fitness athlete’s desire to avoid excess insulin release.
Reference:
Power M, Pratley R. Alternative and complementary treatments for metabolic syndrome. Curr Di-ab Rep. 2011 Jun;11(3):173-8.
Directions
Take 1 capsule on an empty stomach upon waking with water. Take 1 capsule 30 minutes prior to lunch with water. To assess tolerance consume 1 capsule for the first 7 days. Drink at least 8 glasses of water per day. DO NOT exceed 2 capsules per day.
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